Hearsay Exception Summary:

“BAD-SPLITS-PEPPI-F”

· Business Records

· Admissions (direct; adopted; authorized; conspirator)

· Dying Declarations (unavail req. in Fed)

· Spontaneous / Excited Utterance /
Present Sense Impression (Fed Only)

· Public Records (judgments, com. lists, official records)

· Learned Treatises

· Interest, Declarations Against (unavail. Req.)

· Testimony, Former (unavail. Req.)

· State of Mind, then-existing

· Past recollection recorded

· Equivalent (residual catch-all – Fed. Only)

· Prior Inconsistent Statements

· Prior consistent Statements

· Identification, prior statement of

· Former Testimony (unavail. Req.)

Unavailability Required in “DIFF”

• Dying Declarations
• Interest, Declarations against
• Former Testimony
• Forfeiture

Non-character evidence purposes – “MIMIC”

• Motive
• Intent
• Mistake, Absence of
• Identity (modus operandi)
• Common Plan or Scheme

Ways to Impeach – “BICC”

• Bias
• Inconsistent Statements
• Character
• Capacity

Self-authenticating writings –

“ANTC SAD COC”

• Ancient Documents (20+ yr)
• Newspapers / Mags
• Trade Inscriptions
• Commercial Paper ($)
• Seal
• Acknowledged
• Domestic / Foreign Public Docs
• Certified Public Records
• Official Publications
• Certified Business Records

Privileges – “DAM PEN”

• Doctor / therapist / counselor
• Attorney-client / work product
• Marital / Spousal
• Penitent-Clergy